Pre-conception and antenatal care in type 2 diabetes

The UK is experiencing a dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Consequently, there is a corresponding increase in T2D in pregnancy, with around a quarter of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes having T2D. Although the risks to mother and baby are similar to type 1 diabetes (T1D), the approach and management often differ.

Pregnant women with T2D are more likely to be older, multiparous and live in deprived areas. Certain ethnic groups are more prone to T2D and there is a strong association with being overweight or obese.

Furthermore, some investigations have shown that women with T2D often receive suboptimal care prior to conception and in early pregnancy, particularly in primary care.