Understanding FGM and its impact

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting, is defined by the WHO as the range of procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.¹

The term 'mutilation' emphasises its gravity and linguistically establishes a clear distinction from male circumcision. However, at the community level, this term can be problematic. The term 'cutting' is more culturally appropriate. Table 1 lists the four major types of FGM.

Justifications for supporting FGM are numerous. While they may vary across communities, they follow a number of common themes: social acceptance, marriageable status, chastity, health, beauty and family honour.² There is also a mistaken belief that it makes childbirth safer for the infant.³